A new study has found that ‘forever chemicals,’ are present in both UK tap and bottled water.
These chemicals, known as per-and-polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are industrial substances used in everything from cookware to clothing.
They are notorious for their persistence in the environment, often lasting thousands of years.
PFAS are widely used to make products stain- and water-resistant, but growing evidence suggests they pose serious health risks.
The research, conducted by scientists from the University of Birmingham, alongside Chinese experts from the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen and Hainan University, revealed that PFAS were found in 99 percent of bottled water samples tested.
Levels were generally higher in mineral water compared to non-mineral brands.
Additionally, the study examined tap water in four UK cities – Birmingham, Worcester, Coventry, and Derby – as well as the Chinese city of Shenzhen.
PFAS were found in all locations, though concentrations were higher in Shenzhen than in the UK.
PFAS have been linked to various health problems including certain cancers, birth defects, immune system issues, and infertility.
Despite this, researchers emphasised that current PFAS levels in most water samples are not a major health concern, although ongoing monitoring and regulation are essential to safeguard public health.
While the presence of these chemicals is alarming, the study stated simple measures such as boiling water or using common filtration jugs available in stores could reduce PFAS concentrations by up to 90 percent.
Professor Stuart Harrad from the University of Birmingham, a co-author of the study, said that while the current levels are not a major health threat, « ongoing monitoring and regulation are crucial to protect public health. »
Independent experts have cautioned against panic over the findings.
Professor Oliver Jones, a chemistry expert from RMIT University in Melbourne, explained that the mere presence of PFAS does not necessarily mean harm will occur.
He added that exposure to these chemicals must be considered in context.
« Any discussion about toxicity is meaningless without both dose and context, » Professor Jones said.
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