As the UK transitions from winter to spring, many migraine sufferers notice a spike in attacks. While milder weather and longer days are welcome for most, the seasonal shift brings changes in temperature, light exposure, pollen levels and air pressure, all of which can act as triggers.
According to Dr Babak Ashrafi, Superdrug’s Online Doctor, the combination of environmental changes during early spring can significantly increase susceptibility.
Dr Ashrafi said: « Spring creates a perfect mix of migraine triggers all at once. The body is adjusting from colder, darker months to brighter days and more variable weather. For people prone to migraines – estimated one in five women and one in 15 men – that adjustment period can increase both frequency and severity. »
Fluctuating temperatures
Dr Ashrafi said: « Spring weather in the UK is rarely consistent. You can go from cold mornings to warm afternoons, or experience sudden warm spells after weeks of low temperatures. Rapid changes in temperature can affect blood vessels and may increase the likelihood of a migraine.
« Warmer days can also increase the risk of dehydration, which is a very common but often overlooked migraine trigger. Even mild dehydration can make attacks more likely. »
Brighter light and longer days
Dr Ashrafi said: « As daylight hours increase, light exposure becomes more intense and prolonged. Many migraine sufferers are particularly sensitive to bright light, glare and flickering sunlight.
« The clock change can also disrupt sleep patterns. Even small disturbances to sleep routines can lower the threshold for a migraine attack. Maintaining a consistent bedtime during seasonal transitions can make a noticeable difference. »
Rising pollen levels
Dr Ashrafi said: « Tree pollen is one of the first major allergens to appear in spring, particularly from species such as birch, alder and hazel. For those who suffer from hay fever, the resulting inflammation and sinus pressure can trigger migraines.
« Allergic reactions release histamine in the body, and histamine is known to play a role in migraine pathways. Managing allergy symptoms early in the season may help reduce migraine frequency. »
Changes in air pressure
Dr Ashrafi explained: « Spring weather systems tend to be more unsettled, which means more fluctuations in barometric pressure. Drops or rapid changes in atmospheric pressure are a well-recognised migraine trigger. »
Not adjusting preventative habits early
Dr Ashrafi advised: « One common mistake is waiting until migraines become more frequent before taking preventative steps. If you notice a seasonal pattern, it’s helpful to prepare in advance.
« Staying well hydrated, wearing sunglasses in bright conditions, managing allergies proactively and keeping sleep schedules consistent can all help. If migraines are becoming more severe or difficult to control, speaking to a GP about preventative or acute treatment options is important. The Superdrug Migraine Service can help you decipher several different treatment options available, from lifestyle changes and over-the-counter painkillers, to prescription medications from our doctors. »
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